I've a couple of quick suggestions.

1. A follow bit with the bearing mounted on the bottom "above" the cutter surfaces relative to the table.
2. Thicker templates can put more distance between your digits and the sharp bits
3. A thicker template can also mount a block handle or similar. this will help hold down the work piece and rotate it around the bit, this will also keep your hand(s) well above the cutter.
4. Safety Guards are there for a reason!

I'm glad to see that the damage is not more substantial, as ouchy as it looks. I think it's probably a really timely lesson for all of us using or adapting power tools to suit our various purposes.

I have some heavy duty template making, hogging out and routing coming up, your mishap has given me pause to consider how these operations might be done with less risk and more assurance.

Best wishes for a speedy recovery