Nice job.
Not all Telecaster necks are tree trunks, and I don't doubt it would be possible to carve some of that neck away. How much is safe, though, I have no idea how to find out.
There are, I think, less drastic solutions than complete replacement for the nut, but let's have someone who's actually done it explain...
Bridge too far from neck is definitely preferable to bridge too close, and you could always source some longer machine screws.