In theory you could, but the excess glue's got to go somewhere, and clamping two bits of wood together can produce a lot of force on the glue. So if you taped right over the joint itself, the glue would probably just force itself out underneath the tape and still get on the wood. You'd need to tape each side of the joint but leave a small gap directly over the joint so that the glue could still seep out but then run over the tape, not the wood.

The real secret is to use only as much glue as is necessary, so you don't get seepage. There's always the tendency to use to much, just in case. But knowing just how much is one of those things that comes with experience. I'm far from that point, though I do try to be careful.